What struck, by reviewing in The Gatekeepers (“guardians”) is his tired face. As if the pictures showed a weariness that words were not enough to describe. Between 1996 and 2000, Ami Ayalon was the head of the internal security of the State of Israel l, the Shin Beth, whose main mission is to protect the country against terrorism. The strength of the documentary Dror Moreh, which will be broadcast on Arte on March 5, is to make six former bosses Shin Beth speak. Released in theaters in the United States and Oscar nominee, the film against the backdrop of a complex question of how to sustain a democracy in a country in perpetual war?

Ami Ayalon, however, is not surprised by the sentence he utters in the film. “I already told everything else. Was Conna? T my position in favor of peace through my columns in the press. It seems to me as it was after one of my views in a newspaper that Former Prime Minister Ariel Sharon, decided to evacuate Gaza. ”

FACES EVEN THAT TELL A STORY

We met Ami Ayalon in Brussels, in a context of strict confidentiality. The other five former directors of Shin Beth interviewed for the film are Avraham Shalom (1980-1986), Yaakov Peri (1988-1994), Carmi Gillon (1994-1996), Avi Dichter (2000-2005) and Yuval Diskin (2005 -2011). Six faces that tell the same story, that of Israel the post-Six-Day War, when, in 1967, the Jewish state was faced with a million Palestinians in the occupied West Bank now and Gaza and ad? cope with the growth of terrorism.

“Finally, it was work,” recounts with a touch of humor in the film Avraham Shalom. A dead-end job, still again, as these leaders deplore the lack of vision on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict Premiers under whom they were – with the exception of Yitzhak Rabin (1974 and 1992 A1977 to his death in 1995). Work with sometimes discouraging results lorsqu’??clate in December 1987, the first intifada, which lasted until 1993. This service, the “job” is to probe the minds and hearts of the Palestinians failed to anticipate.

While in command, Yaakov Peri believed to have re? U during the six years of its mandate any set of successive governments. Or he has this formula, the terms of which are shared by his colleagues: Israel wins the most battles, but win the war. “We did not know which way to go, says Peri. It was always tactical, never strategic vision.”

FASCINATING

It is fascinating for the viewer to see six bosses responsible for the security of such a country, even if they are out of business, also be expressed freely. And especially to listen to attack frontally as political leaders. Yet this is not a new phenomenon. The last two directors of Mossad, the external security, Ephra? M Halevy and Me? Dr. Dagan, blew open government orthodoxy, the first on the relationship with the Palestinian movement Hamas, the second on the Israeli strategy vis- ??-vis Iran. But the effect of the six stories is impressive.

Watching the film, Ami Ayalon can not believe this convergence of views. “We have different origins, it is not as if we spent our time together in the same club. We are also not necessarily agree on the analysis. However, we are on the diagnosis. Most Israelis heart toient not the Palestinians, the military either, and if this is the case, it is as enemies. the Shin Beth, it’s different here. Having Palestinians for questioning , to understand, to recruit informants. You are in front of people, even during an interrogation, and the idea is to capture their motivations. ”

Before accepting the position of director of Shin Bet, Ami Ayalon had spent thirty years in the army, in the navy. Things seemed to him simple: he had to kill enemies. However, the fight against terrorism is more like a battlefield. There were no tanks or aircraft, only individuals. Once binary, its reality becomes “gray”.

THE “HUMAN FACTOR”

When he thought to make his documentary Dror Moreh thought the first film makers face Shin Beth. “An anonymous face, at least known. A face that you reveal anything new that would deliver no state secret, since the task of Shin Beth is, among others, to preserve them. But just to see what face change your perspective on the conflict. ”

As a model for The Gatekeepers, Dror Moreh had Documentary American Errol Morris, The Fog of War (2003), in which the former Secretary of State for Defence, Robert McNamara discusses his r? During the second World War, the rise to power of President Kennedy, the Cuban missile crisis and the deployment of the U.S. military in Vietnam. Robert McNamara explained nothing new. But the fact that the man who was in the first circle of John Kennedy and Lyndon Johnson, tells it in person changed everything.

The director of The Gatekeepers was completely overturned by this film. He saw for the first time a man who had handled the missile crisis and was the cause of the American involvement in Vietnam, explaining his decision process. “We all wanted to transform us into a fly to attend these meetings where such decisions are made, tells the Israeli. Fly and I was getting this I discovered the fragility of an individual sometimes have to make good decisions and to . other catastrophic We came back each time to the same element: the human factor I had to stage something of this force on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. “.

INTERVIEWER EXPERTS

Dror Moreh did not want to make a film about the conflict by meeting “leftist Israeli or Palestinian militants, but by talking to decision makers, who are at the forefront.” He drops this comparison: “If you have a broken leg, you will not see a pediatrician for the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, you consult experts, who are the patrons of the Shin Bet.”.

The director had the length of the interviews – more than ten hours each – to capture motivations. How do you become a patron of this organization? How do you look in the mirror in the morning? How we managed to build a network of informants? Is it possible to work effectively in a hostile environment? How do you conduct a targeted assassination? What means do we have to know in real time where as terrorist and whither he goes?

WAR ON TERROR sanitized

From the point of view of a head of Shin Bet, the war against terrorism is sanitized. He sits in his office, his computer business, gives the green light to attack drones that look live. The six witnesses are filmed in the same way, in medium shot or close-up with screens and embroidered on behind them, as if still at work, they interrupted to speak to the viewer. “I wanted says Dror Moreh achieve this contrast between the screen and the dehumanized unknown faces.” It is not always abut income with them on an ethical question: how far can you go in a democracy like the Isra? He thought patterns of the Shin Beth would stick to the historical and strategic issues – the birth of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and how to resolve it. The ethical question arose directly oldest of them, Avraham Shalom, who ad? deal in 1984 in what would become the case of misuse of “Bus 300″.

Party in Tel Aviv towards Ashkelon, a seaside town on the Mediterranean, the vehicle is taken hostage by terrorists who aim to divert it to Gaza. When the bus stopped, two terrorists are still alive. They are completed on site. An Israeli newspaper published a front-page picture of them, handcuffed. A commission of inquiry must determine the chain of responsibility is. Avraham Shalom offers to resign on the spot, but the Prime Minister Shimon Peres, and his successor, Yitzhak Shamir, oppose it, for fear of having to go too. Avraham Shalom finally leave two years later.

MORAL forgotten

“In the fight against terrorism, we forget the moral recognize? T Ami Ayalon. People can die in an attack and the person you are interviewing knows. During my first week as head of the Shin Bet in 1996 we lost 57 Israelis, plus 115 wounded. Never State of Israel? had known the many deaths in terrorist attacks. So when you face a suspect, you use the methods in your to make provision about: sleep deprivation, lack of light, handcuffs “.

Ami Ayalon remembers the first time he went to the interrogation center in Jerusalem: “It was in the prison of Jerusalem, the worst possible, it dates from the Turks conditions are such that any normal man would confess. he killed Jesus … There, there is pressure on a man who understands that it will eventually spill the beans and most tt the better. ” Yuval Diskin describes a destructive process in which, under the pretext of fighting against terrorism, the lives of millions of Palestinians becomes unbearable. “I know very well that the Palestinians, I can say we do not make peace with military relations but of confidence. Should talk to everyone, and if they respond poorly, we must continue to speak. It there is no other choice. ”

Targeted killings, with the collateral damage that sometimes accompany them, are at the heart of the documentary. C? Israeli ty, it evokes the “lawnmower” which “cut the grass pushing” aims, namely to target mid-level military cadres in the armed struggle and organizations who use attacks – their leaders, in theory, escape the killings. The rationale, according to the Israeli military doctrine is preventive: hit before the enemy does. The principle is the same one that was long used to validate the use of torture: if an assassination prevents an attack, it is morally justified.

ASSASSINATION target in question

This policy of targeted killing not only for the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, but that debate in the United States, a country at war. “But I do not know if George Tenet, the CIA chief, would have spoken so freely, said Dror Moreh. In Israel? L bosses Shin Beth take this freedom.”.

Yuval Diskin does not evade the issue in the film. “Politicians prefer binary choices, says this former head of Shin Bet, the designer presented as targeted killings in the early 2000s, at the beginning of the second Intifada. But my job, nothing is black or white. For example, the type that target is not alone in his car, and we do not know if they are men of the network who are with him. So it takes or you do not shoot? Time is counted, it is a race against time and the green light of the Prime Minister is expected. was blown the car. After we said we made the right decision, that these people were preparing to carry out attacks and yet something is bothering you: the power to decide their death. ”

The ethical debate is a direct result of the operation theater in Israel: “An international conflict without war,” explains Ariel Colonomos, research director at the CNRS, who wrote on the subject of just war. For the discomfort expressed by Yuval Diskin is not limited to a one-on-one with yourself. The “extrajudicial execution” or “targeted killing”, a phrase that has become, poses formidable challenges to democracy. The Americans are trying to find out with the use made of a president Nobel peace.

SWIRL IN THE IDF

“Combatants” and to present the targets of the Israeli army, “are inherently exposed to war. Killing a combatant is not a war crime, says Ariel Colonomos and criticism of collateral damage n is not the best angle of attack against targeted assassinations practiced by Israel. ” Except for Salah Shehadeh. Part of the family of this soldier Hamas was also killed after dropping a one-ton bomb on the house where he lived in Gaza. This created a stir even in the Israeli army. Airline pilots have taken a position against such operations a year later, in the name of morality, despite the consensus that they encountered in the Israeli public.

Vengeful retaliation

“This is a confusing subject. It is difficult to reject in targeted assassinations, but it is also difficult to justify,” said Ariel Colonomos. One of the arguments advanced by the refractory drivers in 2003, was to denounce drift preventive operations to prevent an attack, but that lead to vengeful reprisal incompatible with morality. Assassinations in Gaza responsible Islamist Ishmael the Abu Shanab in 2003, and the spiritual leader of Hamas, Ahmed Yassin, the following year, lent open to this criticism.

As for the supposed effectiveness of targeted killings, it would remain difficult to disprove Ariel Colonomos. Moreover, according to him, this type of operation continues to divide Israeli jurists and philosophers. The debates are even alive in some NGOs of Israeli human rights, starting with B’Tselem. Entering 2002, the Israeli Supreme Court ruled in 2005. “The president of the court was embarrassed. He had expected the end of its mandate to finally give the green light from the principle that anyone who takes up arms no longer enjoys the protection falls to civilians” says Ariel Colonomos.

This conditional approval leaves intact the questions Yuval Diskin, head of Shin Bet since 2005. His predecessors, interviewed in The Gatekeepers, remember they asked for, since the 1990s, to be subject to regulations. For some reason, surrounded by Mr. Ayalon. “Most battles that we win nowhere because we lose the war” And a solution in the region is based not only on the people behind the scenes.

Why do we lose kilograms so quickly at the beginning of a high protein diet? Why do we take? Why diets do not they walk the long term? How are they dangerous? And most importantly, what are the ways to lose weight permanently?

It is this series of questions, and many others, that tackles this evening magazine “Infrared”. The subject deserves this documentary in two parts, the challenge: finally reveal an inconvenient truth, that plans are useless. In fact, 80% of people who have started a return to their original weight – when it is no more! – After one year. This is the conclusion of an official report of the National Agency for the Safety of the Food Environment and Labour (handles) which, upon its publication in 2010, passed unnoticed u.

METHODS OF WITHOUT SUFFERING

Pierre-Fran? Ois Glaymann and Bruno Victor Pujebet, however, linger. They try to understand this phenomenon of loss and regaining weight, demonstrating the safety plans, but remembering, too, that there are methods without suffering lasting results. The film then alternates stories and scientific experiments to finally shed light on this subject.

Note that, since March 18, a blog accompanies the release of this film (blog.francetvinfo.fr / regimes), led by Professor Jean-Michel Lecerf, head of nutrition at the Pasteur Institute of Lille and author of Report handles.

Pierre-Fran ois Glaymann and Bruno Victor Pujebet – (France, 2013, 2 ?? 52 minutes).

Broadcast Tuesday, April 2 at 22:45 on France 2.

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This is the chronicle of a death foretold. “Boarding schools of excellence have been a milestone in the history of the revival of boarding,” said Jean-Paul Delahaye, director of school education, after noting that they were an answer “co? Mouth disease and partial and that this dual role, they must fall into line. ”

This orientation is announced on the day of the publication of a report by the Public Policy Institute. Four economists have followed for two years 258 students admitted to the boarding of Excellence Sourdun (Seine-et-Marne) in 2009 and 2010, and 137 students, which, if they have found a place, are enrolled in colleges and secondary schools in their area. “After two years, students Sourdun have not progressed more in French? Ais than the control group, while in mathematics, they are far ahead,” said Marc Gurgand, the School of Economics in Paris, co-author of the report with Behaghel Luc Clement of Chaisemartin and Axelle Charpentier.

> Read also the interview: “The internship excellence advances students in math, not fran ais?”

In mathematics, “it is as if these students initially classified 50th in a group of 100 were flown in 35th place,” says the researcher. Department’s response: “When selecting students and teachers, when means that out of the ordinary is put, we get some results … But fortunately it is not a general answer …

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Five hundred armed storming a building with the help of a police helicopter. We thought this kind of reserved for mafia fight scenes. A wrong. It is in Frankfurt (Hesse), the seat of the powerful Deutsche Bank, which took place on 12 December 2012, this search outsized.

Should the loads are heavy for the German authorities are deliberately undermined the reputation of the flagship of the German finance.

For as BNP Paribas in France, Deutsche Bank is the central bank of German capitalism. One whose financial health can throw a veil over the difficulties of its regional competitors. One that took over in 2010 the network of the German postal bank and its 14 million customers.

That the chairman (until May 2012), Josef Ackermann, played the “Mr. Good Offices” between Athens and Berlin when to renegotiate Greek debt. A Josef Ackermann – unique – invited in 2008 by Angela Merkel to celebrate its 60th anniversary at the Chancellery.

If investigators are determined to strike a blow and place for several days five executives in custody for “hint of silver and attempted harboring criminals laundering” is that they are convinced the bank feels above the law. A feeling reinforced by the call from J??rgen Fitschen, one of two co-chairs of the bank, the Minister-President of Hesse, head of the search, to deplore this opera …

relationships tend to each day a little more between Caracas and Washington. Saturday, Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro called a “great leader of the devils” with his U.S. counterpart, who the day before had refused to recognize? Be a narrow victory in the disputed presidential election on April 14. “This is Obama himself, this puppet imperial power which is behind the dollar funding of this line who wants to destroy Venezuelan democracy,” said one who presents himself as the spiritual son of former President Hugo Chavez, died March 5.

Nicolas Maduro suspicion onne the United States to support the Venezuelan opposition leader Henrique Capriles, who seeks the annulment of the election. Friday, during an interview at the chain does Univision Spanish American, Barack Obama, touring Latin America, criticized the election and the political turmoil that had caused, saying that the fundamental rights of Venezuelans n ‘ had not been met.

The U.S. president also considered “ridiculous”, Saturday, May 4 in an interview with the chain does Telemundo, the accusation that Timothy Hallet arrested in late April in Venezuela Tracy is a spy. Born in 1978 in Michigan (northern United States), the man was arrested at the airport in Caracas as he prepared to leave Venezuela. ? The new executive onne the soup to have participated in an alleged plan Venezuelan right to challenge the results of the presidential election on April 14 and to cause the post-election violence that killed nine people – according to the government – after election.

“Just out of Central America, Obama delivered a large number of impertinence and insolence (…) gives an order and consent to the fascist right attack Venezuelan democracy”, accused Nicolas Maduro. The new Venezuelan President supports the clashes that followed the election, as the brawl that pitted last Tuesday in parliament deputies of the majority and the opposition had been “planned” before the tour of Barack Obama in Latin America , which took him from Thursday to Saturday in Mexico and Costa Rica.

The United States supports a recount of the presidential election on April 14, won with a very short lead Nicolas Maduro on Henrique Capriles. The two countries are strained relations with private ambassadors since 2010, but have busy business.

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The Pinacoteca Paris presents two exhibitions: one devoted to prints by Utagawa Hiroshige (1797-1858), the other to Vincent Van Gogh (1853-1890) . Or, rather t, Van Gogh and Hiroshige. The tables in Dutch, mainly from the Kr ller-M??ller Museum? For Otterlo (Netherlands) are being systematically under reproductions of the master Japanese whose originals are on display in the adjacent building. This is to make tangible the Japanese influence in Van Gogh. The thing the annoys some (lunettesrouges.blog.lemonde.fr) and it is true that some formal comparisons can para? Capillo-be towed.

However, the meeting of Van Gogh and Japanese art is no doubt: in 1887, he copied – freely, as usual – the Plum blossoms and Bridge in the rain, Hiroshige, and the bottom of his famous Portrait of P??re Tanguy consists of a clash of prints. Shigeru Oikawa, professor of comparative literature and culture at the University of Tokyo, a useful reminder (in the catalog devoted to Hiroshige): dissemination of these images from the opening of Japan to foreigners midlife nineteenth century, was rapid, and often made Japanese themselves.

In 1867, the younger brother of the Shogun came to Paris at the invitation of Napoleon III, to involve his country at the World Expo. He brought in his trunks more than ten thousand objects and thousands of prints, many of which were sold to Paris after …

Vincent Van Gogh, “The Sower”, June 1888, oil on canvas.

|? KR COLLECTION? LLER-M??LLER MUSEUM, OTTERLO, THE NETHERLANDSPour that Van Gogh found its colors, it took the pass Light. He moved to Grenoble used for many years to researchers trying to understand the alteration observed in the works – many – for which the artist has used chrome yellow.

This pigment, invented in the early nineteenth century, is based on lead chromate. Bursting onto the pallet, it is unfortunately fleeting and passes light, or becomes a fairly nondescript brown.

Failure has long been known: in 1959, in a book that was the breviary painters for decades, entitled Technique Oil Painting (Flammarion), Xavier de Langlais advised to reject mercilessly: “Fleeting to light, they are not resistant to sulfur fumes and black in contact with metal combinations most other colors. ”

Remains to understand the causes and why not to try to fix it. This is what is combined with a team of European researchers, as part of the thesis of the young chemist Letizia Monico, led by Professor Koen Janssens of the University of Antwerp. In 2011, the team highlights a phenomenon first, analyzing paint tubes from the late nineteenth century all the yellow chrome does not react the same way, those who are lighter brown as soon as they are exposed to the rays …

Nicknamed the “Afghan Guantanamo” and located in heart tee with a huge American base, sixty kilometers north of Kabul, Bagram prison was the subject of heated discussions between Kabul and Washington, the United States feared that the number of Taliban prisoners be released once the prison under control of Afghanistan.

Transfer, “now complete,” according to the U.S. military, is “an important part of the overall process of security transition to Afghan forces,” said U.S. General Joseph Dunford, commander of U.S. forces and NATO Afghanistan. The handover ceremony Monday morning at Bagram, “Afghanistan highlights a more confident, capable and sovereign,” he said.

Originally scheduled on March 9, the complete transfer of Bagram was postponed at the last minute after tax Hamid Karzai according to which there were “innocent” among the prisoners under control the U.S., and that they would be released once passed under control of Afghanistan.

“Real threats”

In early September, 3000 prisoners, including suspected members of the Taliban and Al-Qaeda, had passed under control of Afghanistan. But foreign prisoners and Afghans captured by coalition forces since when special forces raids, had remained in the custody of U.S. soldiers. Some of them would be released once “real threats” if they returned to the battlefield, and had estimated the General Dunford.

After eleven years in Afghanistan, the international coalition led by the United States is gradually withdrawing from Afghanistan and transfer the embroidered on the country and its institutions to Afghan security forces. Despite more than 130,000 foreign troops at the height of its commitment, international troops as reinforcements over 330,000 Afghan soldiers and police, have never subdued the Taliban insurgency. The insurgents, though fewer, continue to inflict heavy losses on foreign forces and Afghan especially.

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The Venezuelan head of state Nicolas Maduro accused Friday, May 3 former Colombian President Alvaro Uribe of plotting a plan to assassinate . “I have enough evidence (to say) that it is conspiring. Some sectors of the Venezuelan right in communication with him in this regard,” he assured the successor of Hugo Chavez in a speech facing employees Caracas Metro

Obviously on guard, the President also claims that some proponents of a “fascist right”, based in Venezuela and abroad, want to “reverse” or to “disappear physically be” for sowing “the anarchy “in the country. Armed men would be willing to enter the territory by Amazon (south) to launch an attack against his person, he said.

CHARGES IN CASCADE

Before being elected on April 14 by a short head in the presidential election called after the death of his mentor Hugo Chavez (1999-2013) on March 5, Nicolas Maduro, then acting president had accused two former U.S. ambassadors to prepare a plot to assassinate him before the election. On the same day of the death of “Comandante”, he then pointed to the “historic enemies” of Venezuela, hint oned to have caused cancer suffered by the President and announced the expulsion of a military attache of the Embassy of the United States, suspicion of conspiracy oned.

Read the interview: Nicolas Maduro: Obama does not respect us

Alvaro Uribe, a conservative president who led the British from 2002 to 2010, maintained a strained relationship with former President Chavez. He criticized the leader of the radical left the continent to allow guerrillas and Colombian drug traffickers to seek refuge in the neighboring country. In 2010, Hugo Chavez had even broke off relations with Colombia after Uribe’s accusations on the active presence of Colombian guerrillas in Venezuela.

D’apr??s the first provisional results of the presidential election in Kenya, the Deputy Prime Minister Uhuru Kenyatta, who is the subject of a indictment of the International Criminal Court for his r? instigator of the violence in 2007, ahead of 54% of the votes his rival Raila Odinga, the current prime minister. Focus on the economy between 2000 and 2008, an average growth of 3.9%, stopped by the violence of the last election.

In recent years, the “young African” increasingly interested entrepreneurs. Eldorado for some, reserve labor ‘s practice or land to the other, it attracts investment from China, India, fran? Ais or American. The Horn of Africa, whose recent history yet carries pirates, massacres and famines, fits, too, in this evolution.

With a GDP of around $ 280 (215 euros) per capita, Kenya is considered a low-income countries, but as the whole of Africa, it takes off. Forecasts predict that within a decade, it should achieve the status of middle-income countries. However, this optimistic outlook is tempered by uncertainty as weather that policy, which governs the region. Since the early 2000s, Kenya recorded an average growth of 3.9% (2.1% from services, 1.1% in agriculture and 0.7% of the industry), but in 2008, following the post-election violence, the economy experienced a first shock.

Part of the infrastructure was destroyed and displaced populations. The political turmoil has discouraged investors aware of the risks. Severe droughts of 2008 and 2011 have accentuated the crisis, pushing up the price of raw materials and causing further population movements among Kenyans as from neighboring countries, especially Somalia.

THE KENYAN PEOPLE, “EDUCATED, energetic and CONTRACTOR”

After 2008, Kenya was gradually rebuilt. The country has in fact a number of decisive qualities that enabled him to get back on track. First hand d’oeuvres: Johaness Zutt, National Director of the World Bank for Eritrea, Kenya and Rwanda, describes the Kenyan people of “educated, energetic entrepreneur” and adds that “the Entrepreneurship is one of the greatest forces of Kenya. ” Moreover, the world price of Entrepreneur of the Year Ernst & Young has been awarded to a Kenyan, James Mwangi, Equity Bank boss.

Then the government: by investing in infrastructure and schools, he prepares the country’s economic progress. It is also the origin of emergency which the poorest Kenyans should benefit, in case of drought such programs. Foreign direct investment (FDI) is a significant indicator of the economic health of a country.

In Kenya, it is the telecoms excite envy. Through its subsidiary Safaricom, Vodafone became the leader of a lucrative market. There, 80% of the population have mobile phones. Those serve as surfing on the internet as financial transactions twenty million Kenyans use the service banking – which boosted the financial sector, now available to the poor. Wolfgang Fengler, chief economist of the World Bank for Kenya, Eritrea and Rwanda, however, qualifies the table: “Kenya has attracted FDI in areas under its strengths (…) In fact. , FDI remains disappointing and Kenya still attracts too much hot money. ”

DISCOVERY OF PETROLEUM DEPOSITS

The discovery of oil deposits, however, should cause new institutions. In addition to the difficulty of attracting capital, Kenya also difficult to export. If its share in the global horticulture is now known – its pink snapped in Aalsmeer, the Dutch flower market – and is a leader in the tea sector, it is far too intensive raw materials for this it has to offer.

Johannes Zutt believes that if “the Kenyan economy is less competitive today than it was twenty years ago,” is that since the early 1990s, the share of exports in the economy fell from 38% to 25 %. According to him, the resulting deficit in the trade balance has increased the “macroeconomic vulnerability of Kenya in 2011/2012.”

One of the most remarkable strengths of Kenya’s location, particularly its long heart you. The port of Mombasa, the yield is too low, could be a hub for trade, including regional. Kenya is the strongest economy in the Horn of Africa, and although it can not claim to become the Nigeria of the heart you East, bilateral or multilateral agreements with its neighbors could help them all to strengthen their economies. Wolfgang Fengler emphasizes this point: “The key message for all countries is:. Integration benefits everyone” So far, the countries of the Horn were more likely to share the bad news that the capital .

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